노하우 about URI scheme
페이지 정보
본문
about is an internal URI scheme (also known as a "URL scheme" or, erroneously, "protocol") implemented in various Web browsers to reveal internal state and built-in functions. It is an IANA officially registered scheme,[1] and is standardized[citation needed].
In early versions of Netscape, any URI beginning about: that wasn't recognized as a built-in command would simply result in the text after the colon being displayed. Similarly, in early versions of Internet Explorer, about: followed by a string of HTML (e.g. about:<em>hello world</em>) would render that string as though it were the source of the page — thus providing a similar (though more limited) facility to the data: URI scheme defined by RFC 2397. Still other versions of Netscape would return various phrases in response to an unknown about URI, including "Whatchew talkin' 'bout, Willis?" (a catch phrase from the TV show Diff'rent Strokes) or "Homey don't play dat!" (from a recurring skit on the TV show In Living Color).[2][3]
The most commonly implemented about URIs are about:blank, which displays a blank HTML document, and simply about:, which may display information about the browser. Some browsers use URIs beginning with the name of the browser for similar purposes, and many about URIs will be translated into the appropriate URI if entered. Examples are opera (Opera) or chrome (Google Chrome). An exception is about:blank, which is not translated.
Contents
- 1 Standardization
- 2 Common about: URIs
- 3 Mozilla-specific about: URIs
- 4 Opera (Presto)-specific about: URIs
- 5 Internet Explorer-specific about: URIs
- 6 Edge-specific about: URIs
- 7 Chromium-specific about: URIs
- 8 Konqueror
- 9 Epiphany (GNOME Web)
- 10 Netscape (historical)
- 11 Internet Explorer for Mac OS 5 (historical)
- 12 Safari
- 13 Microsoft Outlook
- 14 Notes
- 15 References
- 16 External links
Standardization[edit]
In 2010, and onwards, there are efforts to standardize the about URI scheme, and define the processing requirements for some specific URIs, in the IETF Applications Area Working Group (APPSAWG).[4] In August 2012, it was published as an official Request for Comments as RFC 6694. The about URIs that have since been defined and assigned by IANA are listed below.[5]
| URI | Purpose |
|---|---|
| about:blank[6] | References a blank HTML document with the media type text/html and character encoding UTF-8. This is widely used to load blank pages into browsing contexts, such as iframes within HTML, which may then be modified by scripts. |
| about:legacy-compat | A reserved, though unresolvable, URI defined within HTML5 intended for use in the DOCTYPE designed for compatibility with some legacy authoring tools, such as XSLT, which may not be capable of outputting the more common, shorter alternative that lacks both the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers. <!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">.
|
| about:srcdoc | A reserved, though unresolvable, URI defined within HTML5 intended to be the URI navigated to within iframes whose content comes from the srcdoc attribute. |
| about:invalid | References a non-existent document with a generic error condition. Intended for the case where a URL is necessary, but it should not be resolveable.[7] |
| about:html-kind | Used as an identifier for kinds of media tracks.[8] |
Common about: URIs[edit]
| URIs | Mozilla / SeaMonkey | Mozilla Firefox | Google Chrome | Chromium | Konqueror | Opera | Safari | Internet Explorer / Edge | MSN Explorer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| about: | Shows version information and copyright information | Translated to "chrome://version" | Translated to "about:konqueror" | Translated to "opera:about" | Shows a blank page | ||||
| about:about | Lists all the about: URIs (Firefox since version 4.0) |
Translated to "chrome://about" Lists all the chrome: URIs Works like "chrome://chrome-urls" |
Translated to "about:konqueror" | Translated to "opera:about" | Shows nothing but the text:"about" | ||||
| about:blank[note 1] | Shows a blank document | ||||||||
| about:plugins | Shows the filename, MIME type, description, suffix, and status of all installed plug-ins | Translates to "chrome://plugins/", works like Mozilla/Firefox | Shows the filename, MIME type, description, suffix, and status of all installed plug-ins | Translated to "opera:plugins" | |||||
| about:cache | Shows information about the Cache Service. | Translated to "chrome://cache", lists the URIs of pages stored within the cache, with each linking to view-cache:uri that provides more information about its content.
|
Translated to "about:konqueror" | Translated to "opera:cache" | |||||
| about:mozilla | Shows a page from the fictional Book of Mozilla. In some versions of Netscape, also replaced the meteors in the standard Netscape throbber with a large fire-breathing lizard. | Doesn't work (unresolvable) | Translated to "about:konqueror" | The Windows version of IE showed a blank HTML document with blue background color. Possibly a joke reference to the "Blue Screen of Death". Removed in Windows XP SP2 but it can still be shown by typing "res://mshtml.dll/about.moz" instead. | |||||
Mozilla-specific about: URIs[edit]
Many of these can also be used in Thunderbird, by setting them as the "Mail Start Page". Also, some extensions define additional about: URIs not listed here.[9]
| URIs | Mozilla Application Suite / SeaMonkey | Mozilla Firefox |
|---|---|---|
| about:addons | Shows installed addons, plugins, themes, and provides an interface for installing new addons. Firefox 4+, SeaMonkey 2.1+ | |
| about:app-manager | Shows the Firefox OS Simulator. | |
| about:bloat | Displays BloatView output (disabled in release builds). Superseded by about:memory on Gecko 1.9.2.[10] | |
| about:bloat?new | TBA | |
| about:bloat?clear | TBA | |
| about:blocked | Shows the malware protection page used when the browser identifies a page as not safe for viewing. Firefox 3+ | |
| about:buildconfig | Shows the arguments and options used to compile the build in use. | |
| about:cache | Shows information about the Cache Service. Number of entries, location of cache, size of cache, etc. for both memory and disk cache. | |
| about:cache?device=memory | Shows individual entries in memory. | |
| about:cache?device=disk | Shows individual entries on disk. | |
| about:cache?device=offline | Shows individual entries for offline viewing. Gecko 1.9+ | |
| about:cache-entry | Shows information about a cache entry. Used in about:cache links. Requires parameters. | |
| about:certerror | Shows the error page used when an SSL/TLS certificate is untrusted or otherwise invalid. | |
| about:config | Shows an interface for viewing and setting a wide variety of configuration variables, many of which are not otherwise accessible through the GUI (options panels).
The known earliest use of about:config dates back to Netscape 4.x, where it was not possible to edit the settings from the browser. about:config settings first became modifiable in Mozilla Application Suite. On first use, about:config displays a message which tells the user that the settings might void the warranty and they can be "Harmful to the stability, security, and performance of this application." The message about voiding one's warranty is a joke, as Mozilla Firefox ships without a warranty of any kind.[11] The message has a checkbox to turn it off. | |
| about:crashes | Shows details of crashes submitted by Mozilla's crash reporter. Firefox 3+, SeaMonkey 2.0+ | |
| about:credits | Shows a list of all those who contributed to Mozilla. | |
| about:devtools | Shows the welcome page used by Firefox Developer Tools. | |
| about:downloads | Shows a list of downloaded files. | |
| about:feeds | Shows the page used when clicking the rss feed icon in the address bar. | |
| about:healthreport | Shows the Firefox Health Report. | |
| about:home | Shows the Firefox 4 default home page. | |
| about:jetpack | Shows an interface for viewing and setting the JetPack extension. | |
| about:licence | In the British English localised version, shows the content of about:license but with all occurrences of license used as a noun replaced with licence (see American and British English spelling differences). Not available in Firefox 4 | |
| about:license | Shows the Mozilla Public License (and the Netscape Public License) for the piece of software. Gecko 1.8+ | |
| about:logo | Shows the logo used on the about: screen. | |
| about:memory | Shows memory usage. Firefox 3.6+ | |
| about:mozilla | Easter egg, shows a verse from The Book of Mozilla. | |
| about:neterror | Shows the error page used when the browser could not access the requested path. | |
| about:newaddon | This dialog is shown when one or more add-ons have been added without using the normal Add-on Manager procedures, by dropping it in one of the "special" add-on directories. It asks which ones to keep enabled.
Typing | |
| about:newtab | Shows a grid of favourite and most-visited websites, Firefox 13+. | |
| about:permissions | Shows permissions for all sites on Firefox 6.0a1. | |
| about:plugins | Shows installed, currently enabled plug-ins. | |
| about:preferences | Shows the new preferences page. | |
| about:privatebrowsing | Can be used to switch to private browsing mode. It shows a message indicating that Firefox will not remember any history for the current session. Note: It does not show URI on the address bar. | |
| about:rights | Shows licensing information. | |
| about:robots | Easter egg, beginning with March 8, 2008 trunk builds. The title of a window contains a citation from The Day the Earth Stood Still.[12] | |
| about:searchreset | TBA | |
| about:sessionrestore | Shows an interface for viewing about last session. | |
| about:socialerror | TBA | |
| about:startpage | In Ubuntu, shows the Ubuntu start page with the current search engine (if the addon Ubuntu Firefox Modifications – ubufox is installed). | |
| about:support | Shows troubleshooting information. Firefox 3.6+, SeaMonkey 2.1+ | |
| about:sync-tabs | Shows list of tabs from other computers. Requires enabled synchronization. | |
| about:tabcrashed | TBA. Firefox 25+ | |
| about:webrtc | Shows an interface for WebRTC internals. | |
| about:welcome | Shows the welcome page used by Firefox. | |
Opera (Presto)-specific about: URIs[edit]
about is an alias for opera; therefore all these URIs also work with about prefixed. User JavaScript is disabled for all URIs in the about or opera URI schemes as a security feature. These pages can, however, be styled using local stylesheets.
None of these functions, except the opera:about combination, work in the Nintendo DS version of the Opera browser, the Nintendo DS Browser.
| URIs | Opera |
|---|---|
| opera:blank | Maps to about:blank |
| opera:about | Provides info about the browser and the configured paths. |
| about:opera | Maps to opera:about |
| opera:cache | Shows the content of the cache. |
| opera:config | (Opera 9.0 and newer) Shows a page that allows changing of numerous browser preferences, many of which cannot be accessed through the normal Preferences window |
| opera:drives | (Operating system specific) Shows the local drives of the host system. |
| opera:history | Shows the content of the browser history. |
| opera:historysearch | (Opera 9.5 and newer) Shows the start page of internal search engine for the browser history. |
| opera:plugins | Shows installed plug-ins. Opera 11 and newer allow individual plug-ins to be disabled from this page. |
| opera:button | Defines a custom button as a set of Opera actions. (Note: This does not work directly, all button parameters as on CustomButtons need be specified.) |
| opera:help | Shortcut to the help directory. This can be either local or external. |
| opera:debug | (Opera 9.5 and newer) Shows a page that allows changing of settings for remote debug of Opera via Opera Dragonfly |
| opera:memdebug | (Opera 9.5 and newer) Shows debug information about memory usage. |
| opera:webstorage | (Opera 10.5 and newer) Shows information Web Storage (see HTML5). |
| opera:webdatabases | (Opera 10.5 and newer) Shows information Web Storage databases (see HTML5). |
| opera:gpu | Shows information about hardware accelerated graphics and GPU support. |
| opera:cpu | (Introduced in Opera 12 beta). Displays CPU usage. |
Internet Explorer-specific about: URIs[edit]
Internet Explorer about URIs are configurable in Windows. It is therefore possible that some of the listed URIs will not work on a particular computer. For example, "about:mozilla" was removed in SP2 (although the page can still be found at "res://mshtml.dll/about.moz"). These about URIs are sometimes used for spyware and adware, most notably in CoolWebSearch, which made about:blank display advertisements.
Note: Any about URI that is not recognized by Internet Explorer redirects to a page saying "Navigation to the webpage was canceled"
- In more recent versions of Internet Explorer, many of the following do nothing, or have since been removed.
| URI | Internet Explorer 6 (SP2) | Internet Explorer 7 | Internet Explorer 8 | Internet Explorer 9-10 | Internet Explorer 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| about:home | Displays the user's home page. | Not supported. | Displays the user's home page. | ||
| about:blank | Displays the blank page. | ||||
| about:desktopitemnavigationfailure | Displays "navigation cancelled" page. | No longer supported. | |||
| about:navigationcanceled | Displays "navigation cancelled" page. | No longer supported. | |||
| about:navigationfailure | Displays "navigation cancelled" page. | No longer supported. | |||
| about:noadd-ons | Displays information page when add-ons are disabled. | ||||
| about:noadd-onsinfo | Displays information page about the effects when add-ons are used. | ||||
| about:offlineinformation | Informs the user that the current page can not be viewed off line. | No longer supported. | |||
| about:postnotcached | Informs the user that the current page needs to refresh and any information entered in a form will have to be re-posted. The page has the title: "Webpage has expired" | ||||
| about:securityrisk | Informs the user not to browse with the current security settings because they may be harmful to the computer. | ||||
| about:tabs | Informs the user about tabbed browsing. It is also loaded when a new tab is created if the "Open home page for new tabs instead of a blank page" setting is enabled. | ||||
| about:inprivate | Informs the user about InPrivate Browsing. It is loaded when InPrivate Browsing is initiated. | ||||
| about:compat | Displays a table of sites and the document rendering emulation mode configured for maximum backward compatibility.[13] | ||||
| about:newsfeed | Displays a page analogous to the "Top sites and suggested content" in the Edge browser with a Bing search bar at the top, followed by a customizable (even if not signed in with a Microsoft Account) row of website tiles (equivalent to the Favorites Bar functionality), followed by a row of news topic category selection links and an infinitely scrolling news aggregation feed. | ||||
Edge-specific about: URIs[edit]
| URI | Microsoft Edge |
|---|---|
| about:home | Shows the content that would be shown if the home button were pressed |
| about:flags | Displays a list of Developer Setting and Experimental features |
| about:start | Shows the customizable (default) start page. |
| about:config | Redirects to about:flags |
| about:tabs | Shows the (default) new tab page. |
| about:compat | Shows the Enterprise Mode list (if configured) |
| about:edge | Shows the Edge logo. |
| about:inprivate | Shows the inprivate information tab. |
Note: Any "about:" URI is accepted, but only returns a page with the message "Well, that didn’t work".
Chromium-specific about: URIs[edit]
| URI[14] | Google Chrome |
|---|---|
| about:cache | Shows the content of the cache. |
| about:crash | Crashes the current rendering process. (This causes the "Aw, snap!" crash notification page to be displayed.) |
| about:credits | Displays the list of free and open source software used in the browser, and their associated licenses. |
| about:dino | No Internet |
| about:dns | Displays the DNS records |
| about:flags | See about:labs |
| about:gpu | Displays information about WebGL and hardware accelerated graphics. |
| about:histograms | Displays histograms |
| about:inducebrowsercrashforrealz | Crashes the Google Chrome browser. This is designed for developers to test what happens when the Google Chrome browser crashes. |
| about:internets | On particular versions of Windows, displays a page entitled "Don't Clog the Tubes!" which renders a page with an animation of the Microsoft Windows "3D Pipes" screensaver. Does not work on Windows Vista due to the pipes screen saver no longer being supported for releases after the 2.0.169.1 release. |
| about:kill | Same as about:crash, but with a violet background color and the message "He's Dead, Jim!" Occurs when the OS runs out of memory or the browser is killed by an external cause, such as the OS shutting down. |
| about:labs | Displays a page for testing features. Moved to about:flags in Chrome Dev channel 8.0.552.11 |
| about:memory | Displays the process manager |
| about:net-internals | Provides an interface for monitoring the network usage and performance statistics |
| about:plugins | Shows installed plug-ins. Deprecated in Chrome 57 |
| about:sandbox | Shows which sandbox protection mechanisms are currently enabled. |
| about:shorthang | Hangs the tab's process, making it become unresponsive. This is designed for testing the hanging protection. |
| about:stats | Displays statistics about processes. At the top of the page, it states "Shhh! This page is secret!" |
| about:version | Displays version information, same as about: |
Note: the above list is not exhaustive; for a full list, see about:about URI.
Note: "about:" is usually (with the exception of e.g. "about:blank") translated to a "chrome://" URL in Chromium and newer versions of Google Chrome.
Konqueror[edit]
Note: Any about URI except about:blank and about:plugins redirects to about:konqueror.
| URI | Konqueror |
|---|---|
| about:konqueror | Shows a friendly ‘start’ and navigation page |
Epiphany (GNOME Web)[edit]
Note: When Epiphany used Gecko as its layout engine, the general and Mozilla-specific about: URIs worked as in Mozilla Firefox. Since WebKit became Epiphany's layout engine, only these URIs are supported:[citation needed]
| URI | Epiphany |
|---|---|
| about:blank | Displays the blank page. |
| about:plugins | Shows installed plug-ins. |
| about:memory | Shows details about memory usage. |
| about:epiphany | Displays the following message:[15]
It is a quote from Chapter 3 of Saint-Exupéry's memoir Terre des Hommes (titled Wind, Sand and Stars in its English translation by Lewis Galantiere). |
| about:applications | Interface for managing web applications, supported since release 3.2.[16] |
| about:overview | Displays a grid of thumbnails for the more visited websites. |
Netscape (historical)[edit]
The about: URL originated in and has existed in all versions of Netscape browsers. It was originally added as an Easter egg to display information about the development team.[17]
Older versions of the Netscape browser have an about:people URI that was similar to about:credits above, but it would redirect to Netscape's active employee listing. In addition, about:username, where username is the username of a Netscape employee, would redirect to the Netscape homepage of the employee specified. For example, about:jwz would redirect to http://people.netscape.com/jwz/ (not an active link).[18] Not all employee pages were accessible through this scheme. Only developers who knew which file in the source tree and the encoding scheme used to obfuscate the directory of employee about entries could add their names.[citation needed]
Many other about: easter eggs existed, including the famous about:mozilla, and other less known ones that showed pictures of the Netscape mascot Mozilla in various foreign garb, such as about:deutsch showing Mozilla in Lederhosen.[19]
Some versions of Netscape would display the browser history for the about:global URI.[19]
Internet Explorer for Mac OS 5 (historical)[edit]
In Internet Explorer for Mac 5 was an offline Easter egg, accessible by typing ‘about:tasman’, showing the Acid1 test with the text replaced by the names of the developers.[20]
Safari[edit]
Only about:blank is accepted; all other about: URIs trigger default address bar behavior (e.g. a Google search).
Microsoft Outlook[edit]
In Microsoft Outlook, an additional outlook:today URI was added, which showed the Outlook Today Screen (it shows messages, tasks and appointments and is also accessible from IE). Also, although about:blank is supported, anything else (including about:about) typed after about: would show that text as a web page in the browser.
Notes[edit]
- ^ The term "about:blank" is also the generic name for a group of variants of the CoolWebSearch malware program group.
- ^ It seems that perfection is attained not when there remains nothing to add, but when there remains nothing to remove.
References[edit]
- ^ "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes". www.iana.org. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
- ^ Dominik Hoffmann (1996-06-14). "Special Netscape URLs for cache diagnostics?". Newsgroup: comp.infosystems.www.browsers.mac. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
- ^ Matthew Paul Thomas (2000-06-23). "Weird easter egg in NN 3.0 or 3.01". Retrieved 2012-09-29.
- ^ "Appsawg Status Pages". IETF.
- ^ ""about" URI Tokens". www.iana.org. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
- ^ RFC 6694
- ^ "CSS Values and Units Module Level 3". www.w3.org. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
- ^ "HTML Standard".
- ^ "About protocol links". mozillaZine. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ^ "Debugging memory leaks". Mozilla Developer Network.
- ^ "446704 - "This might void your warranty!" is not appreciated by corporate customers". Bugzilla. Mozilla. 2008-07-22. Retrieved 2014-07-07.
- ^ "Bug 417302 — about:robots". Mozilla Project Bugzilla.
- 다음글SSD EVO vs QVO 19.10.19
댓글목록
등록된 댓글이 없습니다.